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Configuring Prometheus to Use Service Discovery

Recently, your team has deployed Prometheus to the companies Kubernetes cluster. Now it is time to use service discovery to find targets for cAdvisor and the Kubernetes API. You have been tasked with modifying the Prometheus Config Map that is used to create the `prometheus.yml` file. Create the scrape config and add the jobs for `kubernetes-apiservers` and `kubernetes-cadvisor`. Then, propagate the changes to the Prometheus pod.

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Lab platform
Lab Info
Level
Intermediate
Last updated
Sep 23, 2025
Duration
1h 0m

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Table of Contents
  1. Challenge

    Configure the Service Discovery Targets

    Prepare the environment and create the monitoring namespace as below:

    sudo su -
    cd /root/prometheus
    ./bootstrap.sh
    kubectl get pods -n monitoring
    

    Edit prometheus-config-map.yml and add in the two service discovery targets:

    vi prometheus-config-map.yml
    

    When we're done, the whole file should look like this:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: prometheus-server-conf
      labels:
        name: prometheus-server-conf
      namespace: monitoring
    data:
      prometheus.yml: |-
        global:
          scrape_interval: 5s
          evaluation_interval: 5s
    
        scrape_configs:
          - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
    
            kubernetes_sd_configs:
            - role: endpoints
            scheme: https
    
            tls_config:
              ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
            bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
    
            relabel_configs:
            - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
              action: keep
              regex: default;kubernetes;https
    
          - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
    
            scheme: https
    
            tls_config:
              ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
            bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
    
            kubernetes_sd_configs:
            - role: node
    
            relabel_configs:
            - action: labelmap
              regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
            - target_label: __address__
              replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
            - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
              regex: (.+)
              target_label: __metrics_path__
              replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
    
  2. Challenge

    Apply the Changes to the Prometheus Configuration Map

    Now, apply the changes that were made to prometheus-config-map.yml:

    kubectl apply -f prometheus-config-map.yml
    
  3. Challenge

    Delete the Prometheus Pod
    1. List the pods to find the name of the Prometheus pod:
    kubectl get pods -n monitoring
    
    1. Delete the Prometheus pod:
    kubectl delete pods <POD_NAME> -n monitoring
    
    1. Open up a new web browser tab, and navigate to the Expression browser. This will be at the public IP of the lab server, on port 30000:
    http://<IP>:30000
    
    1. Click on Status, and select Target from the dropdown. We should see two targets in there.
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