NGINX - Managing SSL Certificates Using OpenSSL

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NGINX - Managing SSL Certificates Using OpenSSL

Before we can start building our world-changing website or application on LEMP, we have to lay the foundation - the stack. In this hands-on lab, we will walk through the creation of self-signed SSL certificates. Completing this lab will provide have a good understanding of how to create SSL certificates using OpenSSL on Ubuntu Linux.

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Lab Info

Level

Intermediate

Last updated

Sep 22, 2025

Duration

45m

Challenge

Create a Certificate Authority Private Key and Certificate
Become root:
```
sudo su -
```
Create a directory to store our certificates:
```
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/certificates
```
```
cd /etc/nginx/certificates
```
Generate a private key for the CA:
```
openssl genrsa 2048 > ca-key.pem
```
Generate the X509 certificate for the CA. For this step, just hit Enter for all the questions and use the default answers:
```
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 365000 
      -key ca-key.pem -out ca-cert.pem
```
Challenge

Create a Private Key for the NGINX Server
Generate a private key and create a certificate request for the NGINX server:
```
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 365000 
      -nodes -keyout server-key.pem -out server-req.pem
```
We will have to answer some questions.

Process the key to remove the passphrase:
```
openssl rsa -in server-key.pem -out server-key.pem
```
We should see the following: writing RSA key
Challenge

Create a Self-Signed Certificate for the NGINX Server
Generate a self-signed X509 certificate for the NGINX server:
```
openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 365000 
      -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 
      -out server-cert.pem
```
We now have self-signed X509 certificates for the NGINX server in the /etc/nginx/certificates directory.

We need to allow the nginx user access to the certificates. Add read permission for group and other:
```
chmod 644 *
```
Challenge

Verify the Self-Signed Certificate for the NGINX Server
Let's use the openssl verify command to verify that the X509 certificate was correctly generated:
```
openssl verify -CAfile ca-cert.pem server-cert.pem
```
We should see the following: server-cert.pem: OK

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